What is the role of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in the global diamond supply?

• A. ASM plays a minor role.
• B. ASM contributes a substantial share of rough diamonds.
• C. ASM produces only industrial materials.
• D. ASM is nonexistent in Africa.

Answer: (B)

The question tests how much artisanal and small-scale mining contributes to rough diamond supply. In many diamond-producing regions, especially across Africa, ASM is a major part of the market. Thousands of small operators work in alluvial and secondary deposits, often with basic gear, and their combined output can be large enough to rival or complement what comes from large, industrial mines. This means a substantial share of rough diamonds—both gem-quality stones and lower-quality stones used for industrial purposes—enters the global market through ASM channels. The sustainable livelihoods aspect is also important: ASM provides income for many communities and influences local economies and supply dynamics, even as it presents regulatory and safety challenges that regulators and buyers work to address. The other statements aren’t accurate because ASM is not a minor player, it don’t produce only industrial materials (gem-quality stones do appear from ASM), and it certainly exists in Africa (a major source of diamonds globally).